What is Mpesa?
Mpesa (short for “Mobile Money”) is a mobile-based financial service that allows users to send, receive, and store money digitally. Operated by Safaricom in Kenya, Mpesa revolutionized the payment ecosystem, enabling seamless transactions without needing a bank account.
Key Mpesa Services
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Money Transfer
- Peer-to-peer transfers (sending and receiving money).
- Cross-border money transfers.
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Bill Payments
- Pay utility bills (electricity, water, etc.) and subscription services.
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Merchant Payments
- Lipa na Mpesa: A service that allows payments to merchants directly.
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Savings and Loans
- M-Shwari and KCB Mpesa enable savings and access to micro-loans.
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Disbursement Services
- Enables businesses to send money to individuals (B2C payments).
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Payment Gateway Integration
- Allows websites and apps to collect payments via Mpesa APIs.
What are Mpesa APIs?
Mpesa APIs, offered through the Daraja API Portal, allow developers to integrate Mpesa services into applications or websites. These APIs facilitate automated payment processing and tracking.
Key API Features
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STK Push API
- Used for initiating payment requests to a customer’s phone.
- Example: Paying for an online purchase.
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C2B (Customer to Business) API
- Enables customers to make payments to businesses.
- Example: Paying bills using a Paybill or Till number.
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B2C (Business to Customer) API
- Allows businesses to disburse money to customers.
- Example: Sending winnings or refunds.
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Transaction Status API
- Provides the status of a specific transaction.
- Example: Checking if a payment was successful.
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Reversal API
- Enables reversal of erroneous transactions.
- Example: Refunding a wrong payment.
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Account Balance API
- Fetches the balance of an Mpesa account (Paybill or Till).
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Simulate Transaction API
- Simulates Mpesa payments in a sandbox environment for testing purposes.
Why Use Mpesa APIs?
- Automation: Eliminates manual payment processing.
- Real-Time Processing: Instant transaction handling.
- Security: Uses encrypted channels and secure authentication.
- Scalability: Supports multiple transactions simultaneously.
- User Reach: Leverages Mpesa’s large user base in Africa.
Real-World Use Cases
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E-commerce Stores:
- Accepting Mpesa payments for online orders.
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Utility Companies:
- Collecting bill payments from customers.
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NGOs:
- Disbursing funds to beneficiaries.
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Microfinance Institutions:
- Loan disbursements and repayments.